ASP.NET PDF Viewer using C#, VB/NET

nothing useful in the value as a way of getting fast hash-code-based uniqueness testing. .NET 4 adds SortedSet<T>, which is very similar to HashSet<T>, but adds the feature that if you iterate through the items in the set, they will come out in order. (You can provide an IComparer<T> to define the required order, or you can use self-ordering types.) Obviously, you could achieve the same effect by applying the OrderBy LINQ operator to a HashSet<T>, but SortedSet<T> sorts the items as they are added, meaning that they re already sorted by the time you want to iterate over them.

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Both HashSet<T> and SortedSet<T> offer various handy set-based methods. You can determine whether an IEnumerable<T> is a subset of (i.e., all its elements are also found in) a set with the IsSubsetOf, for example. The available methods are defined by the common ISet<T> interface, reproduced in Example 9-12.

[Authorize(Users = "admin")] public ActionResult Admins() { return View(); }

Figure 1-6. Tabs are located in the upper-right section of the administration area and provide additional configuration options. When browsing the various administrative sections of the site, you ll notice that the page title always has a circular icon with a plus sign in it. Placing your mouse pointer over this icon causes an Add to Default shortcuts link to appear (see Figure 1-7). This allows you to add the currently viewed page to the shortcuts menu in the lower section of the administration toolbar. You can add up to seven links to the shortcuts menu. I frequently change the shortcuts I place in this menu depending on the task I need to perform. If I find myself frequently configuring and reconfiguring the same module or adding a specific content type, for instance, I ll add that module or node creation page to the shortcuts menu. When I m done with that specific task, I click the Edit shortcuts link and delete the shortcut. There s no right or wrong way to do this only what works best for you.

namespace System.Collections.Generic { public interface ISet<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable { bool Add(T item); void ExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other); void IntersectWith(IEnumerable<T> other); bool IsProperSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other); bool IsProperSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other); bool IsSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other); bool IsSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other); bool Overlaps(IEnumerable<T> other); bool SetEquals(IEnumerable<T> other); void SymmetricExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other); void UnionWith(IEnumerable<T> other); } }

Database LINQ providers are able to translate LINQ queries into SQL because their versions of the LINQ operators exploit a feature added to C# 3.0 specifically to support this sort of thing. If you compare the LINQ to Entities declaration of the Where operator with its LINQ to Objects counterpart, you ll see a difference. As we saw in 8, LINQ to Objects is implemented as a set of extension methods for the IEnumera ble<T> interface defined by the Enumerable type in the System.Linq namespace. Its Where operator is declared like this:

Hard-coding a username like this may be too tightly controlling. Users come and go, and the duties of a given user may change during their time using the application. Instead of requiring a specific user, it usually makes sense to require a role. Listing 11.3 demonstrates how developers can use AuthorizeAttribute to restrict an action to certain roles.

public static IEnumerable<TSource> Where<TSource>( this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, bool> predicate)

LINQ to Entities works in a similar fashion, but the extension methods are all for IQueryable<T>. Since the various properties the object context provides for accessing tables all implement IQueryable<T>, you ll end up using those extension methods instead of the LINQ to Objects ones. They are defined by the Queryable type, again in the System.Linq namespace. Here s its definition of the Where operator:

public static IQueryable<TSource> Where<TSource>( this IQueryable<TSource> source, Expression<Func<TSource, bool>> predicate)

[Authorize(Roles = "admins, developers")] public ActionResult Developers() { return View(); }

Figure 1-7. Place your mouse pointer over the icon next to the page title to add the page to the shortcuts menu. Drupal also comes with a customizable Dashboard to which you can add and remove blocks of information. These are the same blocks I discussed earlier, except that they are displayed through the Dashboard instead of in the main site. This gives you some pretty cool options for what you can add and display on this page. For example, you can add a Who s new block to your Dashboard to quickly view new people who have registered with your site. Another option is to look outside the core modules and see what blocks are available through contributed modules. If you ve enabled the core statistics module and installed the views module (www.drupal.org/project/views), you can create a block that displays the number of page views from the previous day, week, or month. Wicked awesome! While viewing the Dashboard, click the Customize Dashboard link to view and add blocks (see Figure 1-8).